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My sibling was recently diagnosed with prediabetes and now I am wondering if I could be at risk too. Is prediabetes genetic, and what does it mean to have it?
Having a close family member with diabetes can increase your chances of developing it yourself, but family history is just one factor. Other factors like age, weight, lifestyle, blood pressure, cholesterol and ethnic background also affect the risk. Here is a clearer look at prediabetes and what you should know.
Prediabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. It is far more common than most people realize, particularly because it often has no symptoms.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that about 115 million American adults have prediabetes, and the vast majority do not know it. Without intervention, many individuals with prediabetes may develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years.
Even before diabetes develops, elevated blood sugar can quietly damage blood vessels and raise the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage and vision problems. Once diabetes develops, daily blood sugar monitoring, medications or insulin and lifestyle adjustments may become necessary, which can affect one’s overall quality of life.
The good news is that prediabetes does not make diabetes inevitable. In many cases, blood sugar can return to healthier ranges. Modest weight loss, regular physical activity and healthier eating habits can significantly reduce, or sometimes eliminate, the risk of progression. In some situations, medications may also be prescribed to help control blood sugar.
Prediabetes does not usually cause any noticeable symptoms, so testing is the only reliable way to know if you have it. Adults age 35 and older should be screened, particularly if they are overweight. Younger adults should also consider testing if they are overweight and have other risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, a sedentary lifestyle or a family history of diabetes. Certain ethnic groups, including Latino, Black, Asian, and Native American adults, are at a higher risk and may benefit from earlier screening. To quickly assess your risk, take the free online screening test at DoIHavePrediabetes.org.
If you are at risk, your doctor can order one of three tests. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test requires an eight-hour fast. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measures how your body processes sugar. The hemoglobin A1C test reflects your average blood sugar over two to three months and can be done at any time, regardless of when you last ate.
Most Medicare and private insurance plans generally cover diabetes screening tests at little or no cost if you meet risk criteria such as being overweight, having high blood pressure or having a family history of diabetes. It is important to note that home glucose meters are not intended to diagnose prediabetes.
If you are diagnosed with prediabetes, do not panic. Many people restore healthy blood sugar with lifestyle changes alone. Studies have shown that reducing at least 7% of your body weight, getting at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week and reducing refined carbohydrates can make a meaningful difference.
For additional support, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsors the National Diabetes Prevention Program, which offers structured lifestyle-change classes in person and online across the U.S. (cdc.gov/diabetes-prevention). Check with local hospitals, clinics and community centers as they may also offer similar programs.
The most important step is awareness. A simple screening test can provide peace of mind or give you the opportunity to take action now and prevent diabetes in the future.
Savvy Living is written by Jim Miller, a regular contributor to the NBC Today Show and author of "The Savvy Living” book. Any links in this article are offered as a service and there is no endorsement of any product. These articles are offered as a helpful and informative service to our friends and may not always reflect this organization’s official position on some topics. Jim invites you to send your senior questions to: Savvy Living, P.O. Box 5443, Norman, OK 73070.
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